In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essays

In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essays In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essay In this experiment I will be investigating the efficiency of a motor. I hope to calculate a range of results when the motor lifts varying weights Essay Safety: In this experiment it is important to consider the safety aspects when carrying out this practical task; I will make sure of the following things before starting the experiment: * The circuit has been connected correctly according to the circuit diagram (Previous page) * Make sure that the connected leads are all working in order and are not tangled * Check that the motor is working correctly * The Power supply is working, and the voltage is not exceeding the limit * Check the circuit before starting and be standing during the experiment * A Mat should be placed on the floor as weights will land on to the ground Keeping the same Changing Current Length of string /Height Temperature Voltage Motor Weight Variables: Theory: Efficiency is often expressed as a percentage. What efficiency shows us is the power wasted in the experiment, not all the power is used efficiently as it is wasted when the power is being transferred. The power source is transferred usefully in the external load, while wasted power is used heating the power supply and surroundings. No motor can work perfectly, due to friction and other small factors. In other words, some energy is always lost and you never get out the energy you put in, this is what is being tested in this experiment therefore we hope to see if the energy is transferred well or not. the equation for efficiency is known as: Efficiency = useful energy (power) output/ total energy (power) input x 100 The main factor that stops efficiency from reaching a maximum is friction as it can not be eliminated it therefore brings the total efficiency down. Resistance can play a big factor in affecting the experiment the more resistance in the circuit the less efficiency. The resistance will slow down the motor. The higher the temperature the more resistance that will be produced as the temperature increase the electrons will vibrate more causing more friction in the motor and making it less efficient. The resistance will stop the current flowing as well and could lead into anomalous results. In this experiment I will be using the following to calculate the efficiency of the motor: WH/ IVT This will show the efficiency of a motor and will allow me present my results using the equation. The equation basically shows work done (WH) and the power input (IVT). Prediction: In this experiment as we increase the weight the motor will have to do more work it will then also take longer for the weights to be lifted, and as it does more work its efficiency will increase as the current and voltage will remain the same. So if you double the weight, the work will double and so should the efficiency because the motor becomes more efficient as it does more work for the power being supplied. If the length of the string is longer the results will be more accurate as it will take longer for the weights to be lifted to the top of the work top. Therefore if the length was increased the results could be more accurate and it would make the overall work of the motor increase. If the voltage was changed with the weights the efficiency would remain the same as the work would be done easier if there was more overall power input. Therefore if the voltage was doubled and the weight was the doubled the efficiency would remain constant. Method: In this practical I am going to change the weight and voltage, as two separate studys. I will do this by planning out how I will conduct the experiment: * Cut string at 1 metres length * I will tie the wire to the winch * Tie base of weights to the end of the string * Clam the motor to the end of the bench * Set up the circuit as shown in the diagram * Check with teacher that it is correct * Start with lowest weight and increase until all ten weights have been used * Time how long each weight takes to reach the top of the bench * Then repeat the experiment twice more * Measure the string to see if any increase in size * Then record results on to a table * Then using those results plot a graph My results table will look similar to the following: The efficiency of the motor W/n I/A V/V T/s IVT WH Efficiency 0.1 1. 2. 3. Average: Sensitivity: Make the string as long as possible, if I double the size it will have twice less the error in recording time. It is important to try and decrease the error in recording the time as this is the biggest error. The error in recording time is +/- 0.5 seconds. This error could be decreased if it was being done using a mechanical device but as I am controlling it myself the human error is large. I will measure the length to the length of the worktop so the length is maximised. Adding each weight gradually, having recordings for each weight 3 times therefore diving the error by three. Voltmeter and Ammeter flickers therefore less accurate. Therefore more likely to obtain anomalous results. Resistance in leads cause possible errors as less accurate measurements of voltage and current. Small weights allow weight to be changed and maximum weight can be lifted and can obtain ten results. Strong string, but light and does not get stretched; check the size of string before and after the experiment, so we can see any extension. Thin, so does not overlap on the rotating winch. Averages of recording will help improve accuracy. Plot a graph to show anomalies on a best fit, should show errors or a pattern. Weights might not be accurate weigh them to see if the weight is exact or not. the scales could also be inaccurate therefore hard to make it certain that there is less chance of error. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Electric Motor Efficiency Coursework Observation and Results Results: The efficiency of the motor W/N I/A V/V t/s IVt WH Efficiency % 0.1 1.29 4.56 1.0.5 2.0.48 3.0.42 Average: 0.47 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.47 = 2.764728 = 2.76 0.1 x 0.9 = 0.09 0.09 / 2.76 = 0.032552931 x 100 = 3.26 0.2 1.29 4.56 1.0.50 2.0.53 3.0.58 Average: 0.54 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.54 = 3.176496 = 3.18 0.2 x 0.9 = 0.18 0.18 / 3.18 = 0.056666213 x 100 = 5.66 0.3 1.29 4.56 1.0.59 2.0.64 3.0.60 Average: 0.61 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.61 = 3.588264 = 3.59 0.3 x 0.9 = 0.27 0.27 / 3.59 = 0.075245299 x 100 = 7.52 0.4 1.29 4.56 1.0.66 2.0.70 3.0.67 Average: 0.68 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.68 = 4.000032 = 4.00 0.4 x 0.9 = 0.36 0.36 / 4.00 = 0.08999928 x 100 = 9.00 0.5 1.29 4.56 1.0.72 2.0.77 3.0.75 Average: 0.75 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.75 = 4.4118 = 4.41 0.5 x 0.9 = 0.45 0.45 / 4.41 = 0.101999184 x 100 =10.20 0.6 1.29 4.56 1.0.87 2.0.79 3.0.82 Average: 0.82 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.82 = 4.823568 = 4.82 0.6 x 0.9 = 0.54 0.54 / 4.82 = 0.1119503239 x 100 = 11.20 0.7 1.29 4.56 1.0.84 2.0.88 3.0.94 Average: 0.89 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.89 = 5.235336 = 5.24 0.7 x 0.9 = 0.63 0.63 / 5.24 = 0.120336116 x 100 = 12.02 0.8 1.29 4.56 1.1.00 2.0.96 3.0.92 Average: 0.96 1.29 x 4.56 x 0.96 = 5.647104 = 5.65 0.8 x 0.9 = 0.72 0.72 / 5.65 = 0.12749898 x 100 = 12.74 0.9 1.29 4.56 1.1.01 2.1.05 3.1.02 Average: 1.03 1.29 x 4.56 x 1.03 = 6.058872 = 6.06 0.9 x 0.9 = 0.81 0.81 / 6.06 = 1.336882509 = 13.37 1.0 1.29 4.56 1.1.06 2.1.09 3.1.11 Average: 1.09 1.29 x 4.56 x 1.09 = 6.411816 = 6.41 1.0 x 0.9 = 0.90 0.90 / 6.41 = 1.403658496 = 14.04 See graphs. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Electric Motor Efficiency Coursework Interpretation and Evaluation Conclusion: As you can see from my results my prediction was correct, as you increase the weight on the motor it will have to do more work. As the voltage and current remained constant the efficiency became higher with the more weights that were placed on to the string to be lifted. Due to fact that the motor had to do more work, the time increased resulting in a positive gradient through my graph. Obviously the time was not as accurate as I would have hoped as the motor picked little weights quickly over short distances. The efficiency for the motor in this experiment was quite low, so not much of the energy put in was used usefully. The highest efficiency reached in my results was when picking up the top weight of 1N, which my calculations showed to have the efficiency of 14.04%, this means that 86.06% was wasted energy; this was probably due to the friction of moving parts in the motor resulting in heat and sound released into the environment. Evaluation: My experiment went reasonably well, I repeated my results three times this increased the amount of accuracy in the experiment, it helped divide error in time by three. I followed my plan making sure of safety and went through my method before conducting the experiment. The biggest error in the experiment as I have previously discussed was time, so it was unlikely that any one could have had results that were perfect. Other errors in my experiment were caused by practical faults, or by a more technical reason. The voltmeter and ammeter persistently changed value in the experiment; therefore we can tell that maybe some resistance was carried in the connecting leads. If I was to test again, I would change the timing technique by using a light gate instrument. To use the light gate instrument I would place the weight at the start when it starts to moving towards the motor it will pass a sensitive sensor that then turn the time of through some kind force mechanism. This could divide the human error by about ten. If I could repeat the test I would test the affect of voltage on the efficiency, and I would use one set number of weights. This test would probably show us a decrease in efficiency as the voltage is increased. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Plan Aim: In this investigation, I will be changing the factors of object distance and image distance, to find the focal length of a converging lens. Apparatus: Converging Lens (2, plus combination of both) Blue Tack Light Box Lens Stand Power Supply Ruler Screen Tape (Scissors) Diagram: Safety: In this experiment it is important to consider the safety aspects when carrying out this practical task; I will make sure of the following things before starting the experiment: * Equipment correctly setup (Above diagram), avoiding confusion, less chance of accidents. * Make sure that the leads from light box are working in order * The Power supply is working, and the voltage is not exceeding the limit * Check the circuit before starting and be standing during the experiment * Lens should be affixed firmly with blue tack to the Lens stand, no chance of breaking * Light box working and in order, light should be bright and clear * Do not look directly into the bright light, where safety goggles * Work top should be cleared of any objects which are not being used in the experiment * Apparatus should be spread out neatly and spaciously Keeping the same Changing Ruler Position/Measurement Points Object Distance (u) Voltage Image Distance (v) Light Bulb Lens (2 converging lenses, both lenses together for one set of results) Material of lens Variables: Theory: In this experiment we will be using converging lenses, any lens that is fatter at the centre than at its edges will converge. (Below) We can see a parallel beam converging through a point, F known as the principle focus of the lens. The distance from the lens to this point is called the focal length, f, of the lens. The power of a lens, P (the unit for the power of a lens is dioptre, D), can also be measured, which is the reciprocal of the focal length in metres: P = 1/f When a lens converges light, it carries with it an image of the source object correct in every detail. This can then be projected on to a screen, this is a real image. To get the clearest image the object distance (u), and image distance (v), must be exactly proportional to the focal length (f), (Previous diagram). The equation connecting the distance of an object from the lens and the distance for its image is: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v The focal length of converging lenses are positive, therefore the images produced are of real objects and images not virtual which can be produced by diverging lenses. Material of the lenses is a factor in this experiment but as I will be using glass it is important to know what effect this has on the lens and image. The material of the lens will not be changing. Glass is a clear transparent material and that is one of the reasons it is being used. Glass is harder than plastic therefore it does not scratch easily and it can then help produce a clear image. The material does not easily deform therefore the focal point can remain constant. Glass is good at transmitting light; it absorbs very little. The problem however is that glass reflects a proportion of the light. It reflects about 10% of the light this can be reduced by adding a anti-reflection coating to the lens. This increases the transmission of light up to 99% making the image brighter. Prediction: The fatter in the middle, out of the two lenses that I decide to use, the smaller the focal length. Therefore if one of the lenses is twice as fat in the middle compared to the other. Its focal length will be twice as short, because it will refract light at a doubly greater angle. Therefore I will be able to have a larger range of results with a fatter lens as image will appear earlier and take longer to fully deform. Therefore when both lenses are combined the focal length will obviously be smaller than that of both lenses in proportion. When I increase the size of the object distance (u, to then obtain a clearer picture I will probably have to decrease the size of v by a proportional amount if I would like to attain a clear picture. Therefore if I double the distance of object distance (u), I will have to therefore decrease the image distance by a proportional extent, to acquire a fine focus of the image. Therefore as I increase the length of both object distance (u) and the image distance (v), the picture will gradually become more distorted until it is no longer a real image. It is important that both the lenses are the same material if I want to obtain a good set of results. Both lenses should be transparent and have minimal scratches to prevent image being unclear. The lens must also be hard so it does not easily get affected in any form during the experiment, so there is less chance of the results being anomalous. Both lenses should not be deformed in shape or any other way, as this could affect the focal point from remaining constant. Method: In this practical I am going to change the object distance (u) and the image distance (v), to two different converging lenses. I will do this by planning out how I will conduct the experiment: * Clear the work top * Setup the power supply and connect the ray box * Blue Tack the metre rule to the work top, making sure it is secure * Set the lens stand in front of the ray box * Setup the screen in front of the lens stand * Calculate the focal length of the lens, by using parallel light from a window * Blue Tack the lens into the lens stand making sure it is secure * Switch on the power supply and gradually maximise the voltage * Stick tape on to side of ray box, lens and screen from were I will measure from and to * Using a setsquare measure the middle of the lens and check that all equipment is set out parallel, avoiding errors in measurements * Vary distance of object distance(u) and image distance (v) until I get a large range of well spaced results, I will repeat my readings so that I can obtain an average * Increase the lengths of both object distance(u) and image distance (v) until there is no longer a real image, increasing the length by 0.5 2.0 cm each time * Record my results in a table, It should be clear and informative, it should state any units * Plot my results onto a graph * The table will have ten results for both lenses, and the combination of both lenses, having a column for object distance (u), image distance (v), and the calculation of focal length (f), using the equation: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v My results table will look similar to the following: Lens (Focal length (cm), measured using parallel light) Object Distance/ u (cm) [1/u] Image Distance/ v (cm) [1/v] Focal Length (cm) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v 1 () Average: 2 () Average: 1;2 Combined () Average: Sensitivity: In this experiment it is important that I am aware of errors; I can decrease the amount of inaccuracies by checking the sensitivity of my practical when measuring and recording: To measure the lengths of object distance (u) and image distance (v), I will be using a metre rule and slowly increasing the lengths of both. The error in reading from a metre ruler in each reading is +/-0.5mm therefore the error in accuracy is +/-1mm. The error of a metre rule can be overcome and decreased by using a vernier callipers which would help divide the error by ten times, the error being +/-0.1mm. If more accuracy was needed a micrometer could be used which in fact is ten times more accurate then a vernier. It will also be important to make sure that the ruler is straight as well as any other equipment when measuring, and not at an angle. This could cause an error in the distance being measured. To overcome this I may use a setsquare to line up the equipment. With a ruler I might decide to place, it directly parallel to the end of the bench, and blue tack it firmly down. I could also use the setsquare to measure the middle of the lens so it is clear to see where I am measuring from. I will take a range of ten readings and make an average of three results for each reading therefore improving my results dividing the error by three. This then gives more accurate table of results. Errors could also happen if the lenses are scratched, if one is scratched more than the other it will therefore transmit less light and cause errors in my results. That is why it will be important to pick lenses that are similar in shape and only different in size. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Observation and Results Results: Lens (Focal length (cm), measured using parallel light) Object Distance/ u (cm) [1/u] Image Distance/ v (cm) [1/v] Focal Length (cm) 1/f = 1/u + 1/v Significant figures 1 (15.5) 19.2 [0.052083333] 26.0 [0.038461538] 32.9 [0.030395136] 39.7 [0.025188916] 46.6 [0.021459227] 53.4 [0.019026591] 60.3 [0.017083747] 67.1 [0.015003129] 74.0 [0.014013513] 80.8 [0.012376237] 80.8 [0.012376237] 38.5 [0.026074025] 29.4 [0.034013605] 25.5 [0.039215686] 23.3 [0.043018454] 21.9 [0.046062100] 20.9 [0.048046889] 20.2 [0.050004950] 19.6 [0.051020408] 19.2 [0.052083333] 15.513600230345936220 15.520380190718594327 15.530842990782881473 15.530840768304103486 15.533333671960007382 15.530677584360272210 15.520566955136062917 15.530002568715020987 15.500726658232962476 15.513600230345936220 Average:15.52 cm 2 (13.5) 16.1 [0.062111801] 23.6 [0.042372881] 31.2 [0.032051282] 38.7 [0.026039793] 46.2 [0.022045021] 53.8 [0.019087360] 61.3 [0.016313213] 68.8 [0.015034883] 76.4 [0.013089005] 83.9 [0.012018951] 83.9 [0.012018951] 31.6 [0.032045569] 23.8 [0.042016806] 20.8 [0.048076923] 19.1 [0.052356020] 18.0 [0.056055555] 17.3 [0.058003468] 16.8 [0.060023809] 16.4 [0.061075609] 16.1 [0.062111801] 13.510900068339168026 13.510145105713507916 13.501091050169946334 13.530739561427485496 13.513323413923325754 13.490465390320841850 13.492239351624501372 13.50280396526581916913.510900068339168026 Average: 13.51 cm 1;2 Combined (7.5) 08.2 [0.122051219] 17.5 [0.057142857] 26.8 [0.037313432] 36.1 [0.028000831] 45.4 [0.022026431] 54.6 [0.018315018] 63.9 [0.016049452] 73.2 [0.014061202] 82.5 [0.012121212] 91.8 [0.011093246] 91.8 [0.011093246] 13.1 [0.076335877] 10.4 [0.096153846] 09.5 [0.105263157] 09.0 [0.111111111] 08.7 [0.115042528] 08.5 [0.118047058] 08.4 [0.119047619] 08.3 [0.120481927] 08.2 [0.122051219] 7.5306000396403418087 7.4918301217930340874 7.4924731738366612976 7.5208333853524309154 7.5110294585429555249 7.5042654620099337564 7.5020718847027577841 7.5452941309003114420 7.5412996067913595922 7.5306000396403418087 Average: 7.52 cm See graphs. AS Level Experiment Hermanjit Virk 12WSI Lens Coursework Interpretation and Evaluation Conclusion: As we can see from my results the fatter in the middle, out of the two lenses that I decided to use, the smaller the focal length. This is because the lens refracts light at a greater angle. Therefore I will have a large range of results with a fatter lens as image will appeared earlier and took longer to fully deform. Therefore when both lenses were combined the focal length was being smaller than that of both lenses in proportion, as I had earlier predicted. When I increased the size of the object distance (u), to obtain a clear picture, I had to decrease the size of v by a proportional amount. Therefore when I increased the length of both object distance (u) and the image distance (v), the picture gradually became more distorted until it was no longer a real image. It was important that both the lenses were the same material as I wanted to obtain a good set of results. Both lenses were transparent and had minimal scratches to prevent image being unclear. The lens was also hard so it did not easily get affected in any form during the experiment, so there was less chance of the results being anomalous. Both lenses were not deformed in shape or any other way, the glass material was not deformed so it did not affect the focal point from remaining constant. Evaluation: I could have done the experiment differently by measuring the distances more accurately, for example the focal length as then I could have see how accurate my results were. To have done this I might have used a vernier calliper, which could have helped divided errors by ten times. I could have also have improved my experiment by checking the measuring points more carefully and this would have made the difference in accuracy. Using a setsquare to measure the middle of the lens was not as accurate as I would have hoped as the stand was where I eventually measured from because the ruler was in a fixed position. I also had anomalies as combining lenses probably was not that accurate as the glass was still separate from each other and maybe the results were inaccurate due to this. It was hard to choose the position to measure the light from as it was hard to be accurate in choosing where the light started as the bulb was covered from the sides as it was in a ray box. In think if I was to do this experiment over I would use a larger range in the lenses as it would have given me a better range of results, and when combining the lenses using something to hold them tight. I would have also spent more time in using a different measurements if the lenses could have produced a larger range of results.

2019 Social Media Content Calendar How to Easily Plan Every Post

2019 Social Media Content Calendar How to Easily Plan Every Post Just because you missed the get organized new years resolution or the spring cleaning round of organization, doesnt mean you cant get your social media organized now. No time like the present, amirite? But, theres one problem: how do you keep everything organized? The best way to get started is with our 2019 social media content calendar template. Itll help your team plan all your posts for the entire year, all in one spot. In this post, we’ll walk you through how to use it and keep your social media marketing organized all through 2019. Then, we’ll even show off how to use as your all-in-one social media calendar app. Let’s dive in and make next year your most organized one yet. Download Your 2019 Social Media Content Calendar Keep all your social media marketing on track! With this easy-to-use calendar spreadsheet template, your entire social team can schedule posts, monitor deadlines, optimize your posting schedule, and more. Plus, we’ve included these bonus templates, too: Social Media Campaign Template:  Plan every campaign from start to finish with this template. Social Media Strategy Template:  Set goals, select channels, and more. Social Media Content Strategy Template: Figure out which types of content youll create to achieve your goals. Social Media Campaign Proposal Template: If youre a consultant or work at an agency, use this template to land more social media clients. How Often to Post On Social Media Infographic: Use this visual reference guide to optimize your posting schedule and frequency. Get ‘em all free below, and then read on to learn how to use your new calendar. 2019 Social Media Content Calendar: How to Organize A Year of Posts the Easy Way.What is a Social Media Calendar? A social media marketing calendar can be anything you use to plan and execute your social media posts. They're typically built using either a spreadsheet or an app (like ). We'll explain how to use the free spreadsheet-based calendar template included in this post. Then, we'll also show what you can do with . Why Do You Need A Social Media Content Calendar? As someone who has been working in social media marketing for the past five years, not having a social media calendar forces teams to operate in the dark. That inevitably leads to confusion, frustration, and a lack of focus. That's no way to effectively create consistent content on social media. Three reasons to use a #social #media #content calendar: 1. Transparency. 2. Organization. 3....Social calendars give your team an overview of what content needs to be published, what’s coming next, and the strategy behind why content is being published at a certain date and time. They also help you keep up a consistent posting schedule because you never have to scramble and figure out what to post next. When your marketing team has several different things going on at one time, knowing your social posts are lined up and ready to go frees up time and mental energy for other tasks. In short? Save your sanity and use a calendar. Start By Conducting a Simple Social Media Audit Before you begin to fill out the social media calendar template you just downloaded, you need to determine what channels and content types you’re going to be using. First, list out the social media channels that your organization is currently active on. Second, evaluate the effectiveness of those channels. There are three things you need to consider when evaluating your channels: Where is your audience? If your target audience is more active on one platform over another, that active platform is where you need to be focusing your efforts. What platform has experienced the most growth in the last year? If you see tremendous growth on a platform, look through your analytics to find out why. Is it a certain content type that’s attracting audience attention? Or, maybe a specific campaign boosted your growth? Where is your traffic and engagement coming from? Is there an individual social channel that seems to be engaging your audience and driving more traffic to your website? What is your team doing on that channel differently than others that are potentially causing that difference? At the end of the day, your team needs to follow the lead of your audience. Recommended Reading: Spark Your User Persona to Life With These 9 Important Tools Figure Out Which Types of Social Media Content You'll Create The last part of your social media audit should include deciding which types of posts you’ll be sharing across each of your channels. There are four main different post types that your team can publish on social: Images.  This could include single images or gallery posts. Videos.  This could include live video streaming (ex: Facebook Live) or natively uploaded video content. Text.  Sometimes catchy copy is all you need. Links.  Links to external content (owned or curated) would fall under this category. Depending on your team’s capabilities and which networks you’re on, some of these content types might be more important to you than others. If you’re already posting consistently across different social channels, use in-app analytics for each channel  to  look for spikes in engagement and traffic. What types of post content are causing those spikes? On Facebook, that data can be found by going to Insights Posts: On Twitter,  go to your profile picture, click the drop-down menu and select Analytics Tweets: On Instagram,  go to your business profile, select the little bar graph in the top right-hand corner and choose Posts: For LinkedIn go to Manage Page Analytics Updates: Accessing Google+ analytics is a bit more involved. But, they're easy to find once you know where to look. Check out this video for a full walkthrough: Finally, for Pinterest go to Analytics   Profile Top Pin Impressions: If you want an easy way to access your social message analytics, use ’s Social Engagement Report. To access the social reports select Analytics in the sidebar of : There you'll find a range of social media reports like individualized channel reports, a social engagement report, a social campaign report and a top message report. Recommended Reading: How to Drill Into Data to Extract Powerful Social Media Insights How To Use Your New Social Media Calendar Template Next, let’s look at how to use your new social media calendar. Nail Your Post Copy The calendar is broken out with networks listed on the left. Then, there are fields for Content, Image Link, and Time for each post. Start by choosing a day and network for your post. Then, write your post copy in a Content field: Need tips on writing awesome social posts? Check out this infographic for optimization best practices on each network: Recommended Reading: The Six Types of Social Media Content That Will Give You the Greatest Value If you want to really pack a punch with your social media messages optimize them for each network to encourage your audience to interact with them by using our Social Message Optimizer. To use the Social Message Optimizer  first create your message and enter it into the field: Hit Score My Message. A score will generate for each of social channel. You can click on each one and edit the message individually to bring up your score: If you continue scrolling down on each channel you’ll see a brief overview of what is and isn’t working well for your message on a channel: As you continue to scroll down you’ll see a breakdown of what you can fix to help make your content even better: Once you have a message where you want it to be you can copy it into your calendar. Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to be a Social Word Ninja Add Visual Content The next step is to include any visual content and links each post will need. The easiest way to do this is to upload your videos and images into a cloud storage system (like Google Drive or Dropbox) and copy and paste the link into your calendar, so your  social team can easily access it. For this example, we’ll be using Google Drive. Go to your drive and create a folder. Title it 2019 Social Media Images (or something appropriate for your business or campaign): Once you’re in the folder go to the left-hand side menu and click +New and +File Upload: Upload the images or videos that need to go with your post and label the photo or video with the date that it’s supposed to be published: Select the image and click share in the upper right-hand corner: In the following screen click Get Shareable Link: Copy the link into your calendar: The last step in filling out your calendar is including a time that you want your post to publish. To maximize the number of people that see your posts, you’ll need to send them at the best time. Once you’ve determined your time enter it into your calendar: If you’re using The Social Organizer, creating everything from single social posts to entire campaigns is even easier. To schedule your messages, click the + symbol in your calendar: Click  Social Message  from the content types pop-up : Choose your channel and craft your copy: Add images, videos, or links by navigating through menu tabs in your post: Once you have your content in place schedule your posts a certain time or let publish them at the best time by selecting Best Time from the drop-down menu: After that your social content is ready to go. Recommended Reading: How to Make the Best Social Media Images the Easy Way Plan Your Social Media Marketing Themes For The Entire Year Coming up with a year’s worth of content can seem a bit intimidating, but there are recurring events that you can add to your calendar to help fill it. Some popular events to add to your calendar could be: Holidays: Use National Day Calendar to find ones you might not have even heard about. Events: These can be company, local, or national events. Sales:  If you have recurring sales like a Black Friday or Cyber Monday sale you can use them to fill your social calendar. Product or feature launches: If your team is launching new products or a new feature that accompanies your project build that momentum with a social media campaign. Themes: Create your social content around different topics that relate to your organization. This saves your team from posting about the same things over and over again. That can add up to a lot of things to keep track of, fast! There is a trick to keep track of your content: color-coding. In your template, you’ll notice a color key at the end of every month. Simply color-code posts that correspond with different campaigns, events, or promotions you’ll have planned throughout the year: Or add a color fill to the cell: This way your team can keep track of what events are coming up when. It also makes transitioning them over to a new calendar each year much simpler. Optimizing Your Posting Schedule Your social media posts will get little traction unless you optimize the times they post to the network. â€Å"What if I don’t have a posting schedule yet?† That’s okay, we’ll help you plan one. At , we went through 10 different studies  and came up with this basic social sharing schedule you can use as a starting point: Now maybe you team can’t post that frequently. Start with publishing at a frequency your team can handle and work your way up to a more robust schedule. Once your team gets into a rhythm you’ll be able to publish more content faster and faster. If you really wanna step up your posting game, let help you out with Social Templates. Social Templates are part of an automation feature that lets your team create different publishing schedules and attach them to campaigns, content and more. To use social templates, go to your calendar and create a social campaign: Click the box in the upper right-hand corner and click +New Template: Add in the number of social messages that you want to be included in your posting schedule: Save your template and apply it to your campaign: Once you have your schedule established you need to optimize the time they publish to reach the maximum number of eyeballs. Each social media channel has different suggestions for the optimum times to post. Based on 20 different studies here are the best times to post on each social media channel: Recommended Reading: What 20 Studies Say About the Best Times to Post on Social Media? You can continue to use the infographic and manually schedule your posts. Or, if you’re a customer, you can automate your posting schedule with Best Time Scheduling. Best Time Scheduling automatically publishes your posts at the best time for your audience and using the feature is as easy as clicking a button. Go to your calendar and craft a social media post by clicking + Social Message: Scroll down to the bottom of the post and in the drop-down menu select Best Time: Let’s say you schedule a post that does really well with your audience. Wouldn’t you want to use it again? That’s where ReQueue comes in. ReQueue is the most intelligent evergreen content tool on the market, and all it takes is a few clicks to republish your best content over and over again. To start, select ReQueue on the left-hand side menu: Create a ReQueue group by selecting +New Group.   Next, you'll choose if you want an intelligent group or a placeholder group. Intelligent groups automatically fill gaps in your social schedule based on the best times to be posting on social media. Placeholder groups are made with all those #motivationmonday and #tbt posts in mind. You can set your social messages on to send on specific days and times to make your job just a little easier. To add a message to your ReQueue group, scroll down the bottom of the post, toggle the ReQueue switch to on and choose the group you want to add your message to: Plan All Your Marketing in One Place... Including Social Media. Finally, bring your social media into the marketing team fold so everyone knows what's being posted and when. is the only way to organize all your marketing projects in one place. 2019 Social Media Content Calendar How to Easily Plan Every Post Just because you missed the get organized new years resolution or the spring cleaning round of organization, doesnt mean you cant get your social media organized now. No time like the present, amirite? But, theres one problem: how do you keep everything organized? The best way to get started is with our 2019 social media content calendar template. Itll help your team plan all your posts for the entire year, all in one spot. In this post, we’ll walk you through how to use it and keep your social media marketing organized all through 2019. Then, we’ll even show off how to use as your all-in-one social media calendar app. Let’s dive in and make next year your most organized one yet. Download Your 2019 Social Media Content Calendar Keep all your social media marketing on track! With this easy-to-use calendar spreadsheet template, your entire social team can schedule posts, monitor deadlines, optimize your posting schedule, and more. Plus, we’ve included these bonus templates, too: Social Media Campaign Template:  Plan every campaign from start to finish with this template. Social Media Strategy Template:  Set goals, select channels, and more. Social Media Content Strategy Template: Figure out which types of content youll create to achieve your goals. Social Media Campaign Proposal Template: If youre a consultant or work at an agency, use this template to land more social media clients. How Often to Post On Social Media Infographic: Use this visual reference guide to optimize your posting schedule and frequency. Get ‘em all free below, and then read on to learn how to use your new calendar. 2019 Social Media Content Calendar: How to Organize A Year of Posts the Easy Way.What is a Social Media Calendar? A social media marketing calendar can be anything you use to plan and execute your social media posts. They're typically built using either a spreadsheet or an app (like ). We'll explain how to use the free spreadsheet-based calendar template included in this post. Then, we'll also show what you can do with . Why Do You Need A Social Media Content Calendar? As someone who has been working in social media marketing for the past five years, not having a social media calendar forces teams to operate in the dark. That inevitably leads to confusion, frustration, and a lack of focus. That's no way to effectively create consistent content on social media. Three reasons to use a #social #media #content calendar: 1. Transparency. 2. Organization. 3....Social calendars give your team an overview of what content needs to be published, what’s coming next, and the strategy behind why content is being published at a certain date and time. They also help you keep up a consistent posting schedule because you never have to scramble and figure out what to post next. When your marketing team has several different things going on at one time, knowing your social posts are lined up and ready to go frees up time and mental energy for other tasks. In short? Save your sanity and use a calendar. Start By Conducting a Simple Social Media Audit Before you begin to fill out the social media calendar template you just downloaded, you need to determine what channels and content types you’re going to be using. First, list out the social media channels that your organization is currently active on. Second, evaluate the effectiveness of those channels. There are three things you need to consider when evaluating your channels: Where is your audience? If your target audience is more active on one platform over another, that active platform is where you need to be focusing your efforts. What platform has experienced the most growth in the last year? If you see tremendous growth on a platform, look through your analytics to find out why. Is it a certain content type that’s attracting audience attention? Or, maybe a specific campaign boosted your growth? Where is your traffic and engagement coming from? Is there an individual social channel that seems to be engaging your audience and driving more traffic to your website? What is your team doing on that channel differently than others that are potentially causing that difference? At the end of the day, your team needs to follow the lead of your audience. Recommended Reading: Spark Your User Persona to Life With These 9 Important Tools Figure Out Which Types of Social Media Content You'll Create The last part of your social media audit should include deciding which types of posts you’ll be sharing across each of your channels. There are four main different post types that your team can publish on social: Images.  This could include single images or gallery posts. Videos.  This could include live video streaming (ex: Facebook Live) or natively uploaded video content. Text.  Sometimes catchy copy is all you need. Links.  Links to external content (owned or curated) would fall under this category. Depending on your team’s capabilities and which networks you’re on, some of these content types might be more important to you than others. If you’re already posting consistently across different social channels, use in-app analytics for each channel  to  look for spikes in engagement and traffic. What types of post content are causing those spikes? On Facebook, that data can be found by going to Insights Posts: On Twitter,  go to your profile picture, click the drop-down menu and select Analytics Tweets: On Instagram,  go to your business profile, select the little bar graph in the top right-hand corner and choose Posts: For LinkedIn go to Manage Page Analytics Updates: Accessing Google+ analytics is a bit more involved. But, they're easy to find once you know where to look. Check out this video for a full walkthrough: Finally, for Pinterest go to Analytics   Profile Top Pin Impressions: If you want an easy way to access your social message analytics, use ’s Social Engagement Report. To access the social reports select Analytics in the sidebar of : There you'll find a range of social media reports like individualized channel reports, a social engagement report, a social campaign report and a top message report. Recommended Reading: How to Drill Into Data to Extract Powerful Social Media Insights How To Use Your New Social Media Calendar Template Next, let’s look at how to use your new social media calendar. Nail Your Post Copy The calendar is broken out with networks listed on the left. Then, there are fields for Content, Image Link, and Time for each post. Start by choosing a day and network for your post. Then, write your post copy in a Content field: Need tips on writing awesome social posts? Check out this infographic for optimization best practices on each network: Recommended Reading: The Six Types of Social Media Content That Will Give You the Greatest Value If you want to really pack a punch with your social media messages optimize them for each network to encourage your audience to interact with them by using our Social Message Optimizer. To use the Social Message Optimizer  first create your message and enter it into the field: Hit Score My Message. A score will generate for each of social channel. You can click on each one and edit the message individually to bring up your score: If you continue scrolling down on each channel you’ll see a brief overview of what is and isn’t working well for your message on a channel: As you continue to scroll down you’ll see a breakdown of what you can fix to help make your content even better: Once you have a message where you want it to be you can copy it into your calendar. Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to be a Social Word Ninja Add Visual Content The next step is to include any visual content and links each post will need. The easiest way to do this is to upload your videos and images into a cloud storage system (like Google Drive or Dropbox) and copy and paste the link into your calendar, so your  social team can easily access it. For this example, we’ll be using Google Drive. Go to your drive and create a folder. Title it 2019 Social Media Images (or something appropriate for your business or campaign): Once you’re in the folder go to the left-hand side menu and click +New and +File Upload: Upload the images or videos that need to go with your post and label the photo or video with the date that it’s supposed to be published: Select the image and click share in the upper right-hand corner: In the following screen click Get Shareable Link: Copy the link into your calendar: The last step in filling out your calendar is including a time that you want your post to publish. To maximize the number of people that see your posts, you’ll need to send them at the best time. Once you’ve determined your time enter it into your calendar: If you’re using The Social Organizer, creating everything from single social posts to entire campaigns is even easier. To schedule your messages, click the + symbol in your calendar: Click  Social Message  from the content types pop-up : Choose your channel and craft your copy: Add images, videos, or links by navigating through menu tabs in your post: Once you have your content in place schedule your posts a certain time or let publish them at the best time by selecting Best Time from the drop-down menu: After that your social content is ready to go. Recommended Reading: How to Make the Best Social Media Images the Easy Way Plan Your Social Media Marketing Themes For The Entire Year Coming up with a year’s worth of content can seem a bit intimidating, but there are recurring events that you can add to your calendar to help fill it. Some popular events to add to your calendar could be: Holidays: Use National Day Calendar to find ones you might not have even heard about. Events: These can be company, local, or national events. Sales:  If you have recurring sales like a Black Friday or Cyber Monday sale you can use them to fill your social calendar. Product or feature launches: If your team is launching new products or a new feature that accompanies your project build that momentum with a social media campaign. Themes: Create your social content around different topics that relate to your organization. This saves your team from posting about the same things over and over again. That can add up to a lot of things to keep track of, fast! There is a trick to keep track of your content: color-coding. In your template, you’ll notice a color key at the end of every month. Simply color-code posts that correspond with different campaigns, events, or promotions you’ll have planned throughout the year: Or add a color fill to the cell: This way your team can keep track of what events are coming up when. It also makes transitioning them over to a new calendar each year much simpler. Optimizing Your Posting Schedule Your social media posts will get little traction unless you optimize the times they post to the network. â€Å"What if I don’t have a posting schedule yet?† That’s okay, we’ll help you plan one. At , we went through 10 different studies  and came up with this basic social sharing schedule you can use as a starting point: Now maybe you team can’t post that frequently. Start with publishing at a frequency your team can handle and work your way up to a more robust schedule. Once your team gets into a rhythm you’ll be able to publish more content faster and faster. If you really wanna step up your posting game, let help you out with Social Templates. Social Templates are part of an automation feature that lets your team create different publishing schedules and attach them to campaigns, content and more. To use social templates, go to your calendar and create a social campaign: Click the box in the upper right-hand corner and click +New Template: Add in the number of social messages that you want to be included in your posting schedule: Save your template and apply it to your campaign: Once you have your schedule established you need to optimize the time they publish to reach the maximum number of eyeballs. Each social media channel has different suggestions for the optimum times to post. Based on 20 different studies here are the best times to post on each social media channel: Recommended Reading: What 20 Studies Say About the Best Times to Post on Social Media? You can continue to use the infographic and manually schedule your posts. Or, if you’re a customer, you can automate your posting schedule with Best Time Scheduling. Best Time Scheduling automatically publishes your posts at the best time for your audience and using the feature is as easy as clicking a button. Go to your calendar and craft a social media post by clicking + Social Message: Scroll down to the bottom of the post and in the drop-down menu select Best Time: Let’s say you schedule a post that does really well with your audience. Wouldn’t you want to use it again? That’s where ReQueue comes in. ReQueue is the most intelligent evergreen content tool on the market, and all it takes is a few clicks to republish your best content over and over again. To start, select ReQueue on the left-hand side menu: Create a ReQueue group by selecting +New Group.   Next, you'll choose if you want an intelligent group or a placeholder group. Intelligent groups automatically fill gaps in your social schedule based on the best times to be posting on social media. Placeholder groups are made with all those #motivationmonday and #tbt posts in mind. You can set your social messages on to send on specific days and times to make your job just a little easier. To add a message to your ReQueue group, scroll down the bottom of the post, toggle the ReQueue switch to on and choose the group you want to add your message to: Plan All Your Marketing in One Place... Including Social Media. Finally, bring your social media into the marketing team fold so everyone knows what's being posted and when. is the only way to organize all your marketing projects in one place.

Electronic Business week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Electronic Business week 7 - Essay Example The value created by the organization is the variance between consumer’s apparent use value from the services of the company and the organization’s cost of offering the services. The company creates use value through quality, brand and speed. The company ensures that its services are of high quality and contain attributes such as reliability and satisfaction. On the other hand, the company ensures that it responds fast to customer calls and that waste is collected at an agreed time (Waste Management, 2014). Additionally, Waste Management creates value through creating a brand with traits that customers can relate with such as trust. In order to capture sections of the value created, the company ensures that the value created is greater than that generated by rivals, and also ensures that it is defectively imitable and transposable. Needless to say, Waste Management captures the value it creates through its economic profits. Since profitability is the company’s primary strategic goal, the company positions itself with price and cost (Waste Management, 2014). Notably, the value captured by any organization is the variation between the incurred costs and the price charged for

Managing a Multi-cultural Workforce Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing a Multi-cultural Workforce - Coursework Example Modern transport and communication, along with political structures like the European Union, have simply increased the diversity of people working on any one site. Health and Safety is a major concern in the construction industry, and there is a vast international literature on the subject, partly because this type of work is inherently more dangerous than many other types, and partly also because of the complex and often project-based nature of the working environment, involving many different participants, often coming with very different backgrounds, experience and culture. One of the difficulties of researching multicultural workforce issues is the fact that there is a huge spectrum of practice across the world: â€Å"The way in which OHS (=Occupational Health and Safety) is dealt with in different countries is a function not only of legislation, but also of the underlying culture, the attitudes of those involved, and, more importantly, the social, economic and political environ ment... Systems that may work well in, say, the United Kingdom, may not work well at all in Australia or Hong Kong.† ( p. 88) An important implication of this diversity across the world, is that migrant workers moving from one country to another bring with them a knowledge base, a set of attitudes and tendencies, and a whole world view that may be very different from those of their fellow workers. The problem for managers is how to ensure that a multi-cultural workforce shares important values and knowledge, especially in the area of Health and Safety, and follows the requirements of the particular site that they work in. 2 Literature review on SHE challenges faced in respect of multi-cultural workforce. One noticeable feature of a multi-cultural workforce is the fact that the workers may have very different linguistic backgrounds, while the situation on a construction site is usually such that one particular language is officially used for work related communications. This of ficial language of the site in question may or may not be the language of the location where the project is running, and problems can arise when a proportion of the workforce does not have adequate language skills in the main language of communication. This results in sub-groups within the workforce who communicate with each other in their native language, but struggle to join in with the official and or local language context. These groups can become isolated, and vulnerable to being left out of the loop of company planning, training and information processes. A study conducted on a multi-cultural workforce in Australia analysed the safety implications of this â€Å"ghettoization† and found that there are often distinct patterns in the workforce so that for example â€Å"Italians tend to concentrate in concrete trades, Croations in carpentry trades, Koreans in tiling trades, Maoris in steelwork and scaffolding and Irish in labouring etc† (Trajkovski and Loosemoore, 20 06, p. 1) This tendency means that there is often a three way professional, cultural and also linguistic demarcation in the workplace, and this presents a significant challenge for managers who are responsible for the Health and Safety of these workers. In theory there could be several conflicting models of behavior, supported by their own language and culture, operating simultaneously, and this has an obvious potential for misunderstanding and system failure when these areas interact with each other. Trajkovski and Loosemoore conducted a survey on multicultural construction workforces in

Emi Group Plc In The Music Publishing And Recording Industry Essay Example for Free

Emi Group Plc In The Music Publishing And Recording Industry Essay Music and recording industry present interesting development due to the introduction of new artists and the development of new music genre, to name a few. In addition, the industry also experiences significant challenge due to the advancement in digital technology that drives the industry to find appropriate ways in winning the competition. The challenge occurs since there is a difference circumstances in the competition of media industry where previously the existence of new media does not eliminate the old media. The existence of commercial radio, for example, does not kill the print media like magazines and newspaper. Similarly, the existence of television broadcasting also does not eliminate the existence of radio and newspaper. In many cases, the television broadcaster also owns radio and newspapers companies to complement their media business. However, the situation may be completely different in the digital age where the existence of internet and the development of digital technology like file compression (MP3, mpeg, and file-sharing technologies etc) could completely kill the old model of music distribution such as compact disc. The so-called MP3, often refers to MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, is an audio encoding format that reduce the file size from tens of megabyte (when using WAV or compact disc format) into less than 5 Megabyte (MB) in MP3 format for one same song. Audio Galaxy and Napster are two companies that employ file-sharing technology that enables their members/customers to exchange their music or video with others members/customers (Karp, 2007). Immediately, the invention of new audio encoding format increases the sales of portable digital music players like iPod. Coupled with the increased international internet bandwidth, the exchange of MP3 files rises significantly. A number of websites that enable users or music lovers to download the desired songs in MP3 format also rises. Despite the attractiveness of MP3 technology for audio, MP4, and MPEG for video, the technologies causes severe violation of copyright as downloading music and video without paying royalties to the owners/singers of the music is considered as piracy in digital world/domains. Concerning the challenges in the music and recording industry, this paper will discuss about Emi Group plc, a giant in music and recording industry. In particular, there are several issues including the identification of strategic choices that EMI performs, EMI and its critical success factors in competing in the industry within the last five years, and the use of appropriate management concepts in evaluating the suitability of EMI’s current strategies to deal with future competition. 2. Aim and Objectives The objectives of this paper are to analyze current and future positions of EMI Group plc in the music publishing and recording industry. Systematically, we can derive the objectives into four points. First is to analyze the strategy of EMI Groups plc that positions the company in the music and recording industry. Second is to use the appropriate research methodology, this paper is to assess EMI Group plc and its critical success factor in the last five years. Third is to use the relationship of research approach, deductive, quantitative to explore key resources and capabilities of EMI in the next five years and assess whether they can create sustainable competitive advantage. And fourth is to use the non-participant observation method, collecting data and analyzing qualitative information from journal, books, magazine and online materials, this paper is to adopt the management concepts to evaluate the appropriateness of EMI’s current strategies for the future. 3. Porter’s Five Forces This section will discuss Porter’s five forces on EMI Group the recording industry which details the threat of new entrants, power of buyers, power of suppliers, rivalry among existing competitors, and the threat of substitute products for market place organizer or transaction service provider industry satisfy following diagram: Figure 1 Diagram of Porter’s Five Forces Source: Porter, 1998 3. 1 Rivalry In music publishing and recording industry, competitive advantage plays a significant role in winning a competition. This is because it represents not only the greater benefits in terms of products but also in other Ps of marketing mix (place, promotion, and price). The possession of specific competitive advantages increasingly important since nowadays, customers use emotional side than rational side when decide which products or services they want to use (Manjoo, 2003). The rivalry in recording industry is quite intense since EMI Group does not only compete with similar company like Universal Music Group, Sony BMG, and Warner Music Group but also illegal distribution both in traditional and web-based distributors through several kinds of file-sharing program like Napster. Napster becomes the catalysts of online music service (Rupley, 2003). In order to prevent the distribution of illegal copy of music, Hodges Shaw and Brian B Shaw (2003) says that government has persuaded users regarding importance of not using file sharing for copyrighted materials over the Internet by considering it as illegal actions. 3. 2 Barriers to Entry One of common barriers to enter a new market is brand loyalty or in terms of multinational business, the main barrier could be the nationalism. In music industry, one significant challenge that continues gains popularity is iTunes, a legal web-based music distribution from Apple Company. In music industry, especially regarding the competition between EMI Music and p2p companies and iTunes, the brand loyalty is obvious since the fever for iPod products has driven the use of iTunes to download legal music (Manjoo, 2003). The entry to some markets like educations gets fiercer as Jason E. Lane and Margaret A Healy (2005) revealed in their article File Sharing, Napster, and Institutional Responses: Educative, Developmental, or Responsive Policy that file sharing (including music, video, and file sharing) has been parts of students activities. They usually use the internet to share their favorite music and movies illegally. In addition, Scott (2001) and Dong et. al (2002) reveals that file sharing remains a popular services due to their offering free downloading music and video. 3. 3 Products Substitution Impact of product substitution is possibly the most overlooked factor although its impact is damaging. Therefore, it is imperative that business must not only look at what the company’s direct competitors are doing, but what other types of products people could buy instead. The products substitution for EMI Group is the introduction of various digital formats like MP3 and MP4 that easily downloadable that enables customers to convert the CD format to MP3 and distribute it by e-mail. This is because EMI Group mostly still relies on the distribution of music in CD format that they believe is still better than others do. Figure 2 Music Format Source: RIAA, 2006 3. 4 Buyer Power In music distribution and recording industry, there are some factors that influence buyer power including size of buyer (larger buyers will have more power over suppliers), number of buyers (when there are a small number of buyers, they will tend to have more power over suppliers), and purchase quantity. 3. 5 Supplier Power Concerning the supplier power in recording industry, we find that digital format developer that invent MP3 and p2p technology continue gain popularity that further drive the customers to increasingly avoid the use of products distributed by recording companies (Manjoo, 2003). 4. EMI Groups plc Strategic Position in Music Publishing and Recording Industry Realizing the fierce competition that occurs in the music and recording industry, EMI Group develops several strategies such as the selection of new talents that will hit the market and develop sustainable distribution strategy to speed up the existence in new market. Among the distributions system, EMI Group appropriately conduct joint venture with foreign companies in order to smooth their distribution. One of them is with EMI Televisa joint venture that helps EMI Group to distribute Celestial and other English language album (EMI Group, 2006). The decision to conduct joint venture is a good strategy to be implemented for EMI Group since it is a model in business that composes of two or more enterprises that join hand-in-hand to increase their competitive advantages. In this scheme, joint venture is somewhat similar to partnership but joint venture is derived from one business transaction. Joint venture is preferred because it can help companies to divide potencies, reduce threats, and raise competitive advantages in the market. Joint ventures can be formed as separate business units or cooperation between businesses (â€Å"Corporate Venture Strategies†, 2001). Developing a joint venture properly can obtain many benefits and advantages, such as dividing expenses and risks, enhancing right of entry to monetary resources, admission to innovative knowledge and consumers, and admission to new decision-making performs. Moreover, companies are able to have some bearing on structural development of the business. Conduction of knowledge and skills are also accomplished easily (â€Å"Corporate Venture Strategies†, 2001). 5. EMI Strategic Choice EMI Group plc is a well-known company in music and recording industry. The company is currently perceived as the fourth largest recording company in the world behind Universal Music Group, Sony BMG, and Warner Music Group. The company main business is the distribution of compact discs, videos, and other formats under the auspices of their subsidiaries and partners including EMI Records, Capitol, and Virgin (Yahoo Inc, 2008). The label company is behind the success of many famous artists such as Norah Jones, Lenny Kravitz, and The Beastie Boys. Currently, the company also handles more than one million songs. The strategic position of the company has attracted many larger companies such as Warner Music Group (WMG) to takeover EMI Group plc. Although many acquisition attempts, the company finally bought by Terra Firma, a private equity firm, for $4. 9 billion in 2007 (Yahoo Inc, 2008). 6. EMI and Its Critical Success Factor The winning strategy of EMI Group exists since the company is suitably conducting several strategies that benefit the company in the long term. One of popular strategy is the decision to outsource their CD manufacturing in Australia. This decision occurred in 2004 where EMI Music and Warner Music conduct agreement with Summit Technology Australia Pty Ltd to own CD Manufacturing business together (EMI Group, 2006). This strategy provides great benefits for EMI Group since the company significantly obtains costs reduction and helps the company to insulate the business from the effects of changing volumes. Figure 3 Reasons of Outsourcing Source: Outsourcing World Summit This is in line with the general benefits of outsourcing where costs reduction becomes the main issues that companies perceive. When discussing the outsourcing business model, the images refer to advantages that organizations obtain, especially refers to costs reduction. However, the benefits of outsourcing do not merely the cost reduction. Figure 3 shows six main reasons of carrying out outsourcing in an organization like EMI Group according to Outsourcing World Summit. Similarly, to costs reduction, outsourcing also provides benefits of helping the company to focus on core competencies. In theory, outsourcing is only used for delegation of non-core activities concerning the mission statement of the company. Nevertheless, many corporations outsource some of their core functions to gain more value in competitive advantage. Furthermore, many if an organization is able to develop a good relationship with its outsourcing partner, the long-term effect would be a sustainable competitive advantage. Another critical success factor is the decision of EMI Group to take benefits of digital technology. Previously, the company relies on tradition supply chain as shown in the Figure 4 below. In traditional supply chain (figure 4), we witness that recording companies make huge revenue and thus the profits from the two elements (in blue boxes). However, this model soon changes considering technology advancement in music like MP3 that immediately spawned illegal peer-to-peer music download over the Internet. Concerning the issue, coupled with wide coverage of high-speed Internet access, recording labels realize that they should change their supply chain to adopt the advancement in information technology as described in the following section. However due to the benefit that digital distribution provides, the company also offers the digital option for the supply chain (Figure 5). By developing the digital distribution, the company starts receiving significant growth on digital revenues. In 2006, digital revenue contributed about 8. 5% of total Group revenues. In addition, digital revenues also experienced significant growth by 78. 2% in 2006, providing more opportunity to receive more revenue from this technology (EMI Group, 2006). In this web-based supply chain model, we witness that recording labels are massively legalize licensing strategy that significantly fire up a legal digital music subscription (in contrast to Napster that was illegal). 7. Key resources and capabilities of EMI in the last Five Years and Suitability, Feasibility, and Acceptability Concepts There are several key advantages and resources the company possessed within the past five years. First is EMI Music keep finding new talents that bear success in UK and North America, in particular, and in the world, in general including Letoya, 30 Seconds to Mars. This strategy represents the feasibility of strategy taken by EMI Group since competitions between recording industries is mainly regarding the artists that the company manages their music creation. Second is the success of current managed artists including popular artist such as All Saints, Keith Urban, Norah Jones, Robbie Williams, and Depeche Mode. This artist management represents the suitability to manage the popular artists and release the unpopular one. Meanwhile, EMI Music Publishing successfully finds songwriting talent that result in the attractive performance revenues that represents the acceptability (EMI Group, 2006) 8. Conclusion In the basic marketing management study, four factors characterize the successful marketing; they are product, place, promotion, and price. In the recording industry while product represented by the artists, distribution or place factor also provides significant contribution to the company. This is in line with O’Brien and Springman (2004) suggestion that say companies should balance supply and demand since focusing entirely on the supply side may result in unnecessary capital expenditures, inventory investments or suboptimal solutions. Concerning the challenges in the music and recording industry, this paper has discussed about Emi Group plc, a giant in music and recording industry. In particular, there are several issues including the identification of strategic choices that EMI performs, EMI and its critical success factors in competing in the industry within the last five years, and the use of appropriate management concepts in evaluating the suitability of EMI’s current strategies to deal with future competition. Reference: Carlson, Scott. (2001). Napter Was Just the Start of the Bandwidth Invasion. Chronicle of Higher Education, v47 Corporate Venture Strategies’, [Online] Available at: http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/venture%20strategies. html Daugherty, Tyson. 2002, ‘Creating a Digital Music Marketplace’, [Online] Available at: elab. insead. edu/publications/mbareports/ Creating%20a%20digital%20music%20marketplace. pdf Elizabeth Scott, M. S. 2008, ‘Music and Your Body: How Music Affects Us and Why Music Therapy Promotes Health’, [Online] Available at: http://stress. about. com/od/tensiontamers/a/music_therapy. htm EMI Group Limited. 2005, ‘EMI Group Overview’, [Online] Available at: http://www. emigroup. com/About/Overview/Default. htm EMI Group. 2004, ‘EMI continues manufacturing outsourcing strategy with agreement to sell Australian CD plant’, [Online] Available at: http://www. emigroup. com/Press/2004/press18. htm . 2006, ‘EMI Group plc results for the six months ended 30 September 2006’, [Online] Available at: http://www. emigroup. com/Press/2006/press70. htm Forness, Megan J, ‘Copyright and Fair Use’, [Online] Available at: http://lrs. ed. uiuc. edu/students/forness/copyright. html Freeman, Jillian S. 2005, ‘The Pros and Cons of Sharing Music on the Internet’, [Online] Available at: http://www. angelfire. com/de3/jfreeman/termpaper. htm Harcourt, Robert H. and Robert W. Hutchinson. 2004, ‘Sup

astronomy :: essays research papers

Space exploration has been going on since the 1960s. Both women and men have traveled in space. Every day we are discovering different things about space from satellites and astronauts, and every day more people are landing on the moon. The first human, the first animal, and the first spacecraft in orbit, were all Soviet achievements. There are many reasons why space is explored and why people take the time to explore the solar system. One reason is that we want to find out how our solar system was created and how it works, and another reason is that we want to find out how all the planets move and how they change rotations. We also want to learn about everything on the planets and how to make advanced enough spacecrafts so that we can visit all the planets. The first man to travel in space was Yuri Gagarin. He made history on April 12, 1961, by orbiting the earth in the Votsok 1. His flight was one hour and 48 minutes long, going at a speed of about 17,000 mph on the Votsok 1 as he circled the earth. Gagarin was later killed in a crash of a test airplane. Neil Armstrong was the first person to ever land on the moon. He was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, and after he graduated from college in 1955 he joined NASA. In 1962 he became the first civilian to enter an astronaut training program. In 1969 Armstrong lead the Apollo 11 mission and became the first person to set foot on the moon. His companions were Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins. In 1971 Armstrong became a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati. Valentina Vladimora Nikolayeva Tereshkova was the first woman to be in space. She joined a Soviet training program in 1961 and in 1963 she successfully orbited the earth 48 times in the Votsok 6. "Born Galileo Galilei, his main contributions were, in astronomy, the use of the telescope in observation and the discovery of sunspots, lunar mountains and valleys, the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and the phases of Venus." In December 1609, Galileo built a telescope of 20 times magnification, and with it he could see craters and mountains on the moon. He also saw that the Milky Way was made up of stars and looked at the four largest satellites of Jupiter.

Modifications to the National School Lunch Program Essay

Introduction Recent modifications made to the National School Lunch Program menu have caused controversy all across the nation. In last year The National School Lunch program have been under scrutiny and major changes have been made to the ingredients and preparation of school lunches. The USDA reports that the all the modifications to the school lunches are focus towards improving the health of all school age children, contributing to the fight against childhood obesity and succinctly to improve the health of all children across the nation. This research would explore the history of the different federal agencies involve in the national nutritional services, the most comprehensive changes in the school nutritional environment , the old and new menus choices and how changes are impacting students (National School Lunch Program,[NSLP] 2012). Research Statement According to the Unites States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service the recent changes to the National School Lunch program have been an important aid in the fight against childhood obesity and to help change student eating habits towards a healthier approach. In the last 4 years the Senate of the United Stated has proposed different legislature changes to the National School Lunch menu allowing millions of dollars to contribute towards a healthier approach modifying what student age children are consuming during school hours. The most comprehensive changes have been oriented towards reducing fat, sugar and sodium, and including more vegetable as part of the daily school cafeteria menu (United States Department of Agriculture, [USDA] 2012). Initial Research Question How the recent changes to the national school lunch program can improve the student’s health? By analyzing the recent changes to the national school lunch program we will be able to compare some of the differences between some the new and improve school lunch menu and how these changes are impacting students across the nation. Review of literature The National School Lunch Act was a law established under the administration of President Harry Truman in 1946. The original purpose of the act was to help local farmers with surplus produce and using these foods to feed school age children. After reviewing the principles of the act, members of the senate requested the establishment of a national program that under the guidelines of the National School Lunch Act, would oversee all operations associated with school lunch meals, reason for the creation of the National School Lunch program. The National School lunch program manages one of the largest federally assisted meal programs that provides nutritionally balanced meals free or at low cost to school age children. The national school lunch program takes cash subsides and foods provided by the U.S Department of Agriculture, in return the national school lunch program must meet nutritional federal requirements and most important must offer meals free or at low cost to all student age children. According to reported statistics from the U.S Department of Agriculture the National School Lunch feeds over 30 million students each day (NSLP, 2012) There is no doubt that the student nutrition subject has been an important topic of national concern in the history of our country. In 1966, The Child Nutrition Act was a law signed by President Lyndon B Johnson, encouraged by a national concern over nutrition in school age children. The Child Nutrition Act became to be an instrument to facilitate the process of meeting nutritional needs of children under the guidelines of the National School Lunch Program. The act also helped established the school based breakfast program providing free breakfast for children in public and nonprofit schools, during the signing of this act president Johnson use a famous phrase that would change forever the futures of national school lunches â€Å"Good food is essential to good learning† (USDA, 2012) U.S Department of Agriculture is a federal funded division who is responsible to all operations in the nation pertaining to farming agriculture and food. Better known as the USDA the department not only promotes and helps farming and agriculture issues but ensures food safety across the nation. The USDA is one of the oldest federally department created by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862. The USDA oversees a vast amount of operative units in the united states including the USDA Food and Nutritional Services who major goal is to provide healthy food to families in need, the department also collaborate closely with the National School Lunch program providing foods that are of nutritional value (USDA, 2012) On December 13th, 2010 President Obama sign into a law the Healthy, Hunger –Free Act of 2010. This act was creating to combat the alarming rates of childhood obesity cases in the U.S. The now law came to update the school meals standards who reflected very little changes in nutrition in the last 15 years, the HHFK Act also had an impact on the USDA, changing the foods providing to the National School lunch program and succinctly reflecting changes in meal nutritional standards in schools across the nation. In the 2009 a review from the Institute of Medicine recommended several updates to the National School lunch menus, the review found that the school cafeteria menus were not meeting the dietary guidelines for school age children stated by the U.S Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Services (Healthy Hunger-Free Act, [HHFA] 2012) In 2011 the USDA proposed new regulations based on the finding of the Institute of Medicine of the United States. The process of modification of the school cafeteria menus begin slowly but steady on schools across the nation, the changes included whole grain servings on all meals; reduce saturated fat sugar and sodium, and more fresh fruit and vegetables. Elizabeth Ippel, executive director of The Academy of Global Citizenship in Chicago, talks about the important of nutrition’s â€Å"good nutrition is essential and a very integral component to effective learning†. The changes are significant and according to Mrs. Ippel the students are responding positive to the modifications (Leamy, 2012) Here’s an example of a before and after lunch menu: BeforeAfter Breaded beef patty on a white roll Baked Fish Nuggets Fruit popsicleWhole wheat roll Low fat milkMashed potatoes Broccoli Peaches Skim Milk Discussion On December 13, 2010 president Obama signed into law 111-296 the Healthy Hunger –Free Act of 2010. The act is one of the most comprehensive proposals in the school nutritional environment in over 15 years; the main goal of this law is to update school meals nutritional standards to help combat childhood obesity and help students achieve healthy eating habits. Beginning in July 2012 the new lunch meal pattern will be in effect changing what students will be consuming during lunch in the school year 2012-2013.The new proposed meal components includes key changes for children K and above, these changes requires that school lunches offer a daily variety of whole grains, fruit and vegetables. In the fruit category, each meal provided by school cafeterias must include  ½ cup of fresh, frozen or canned fruits, prepared or compound with water and not syrup.  ½ of vegetables on each meal is another requirement in the daily school lunch menus; the new regulations required a variety of vegetable groups including: dark green, red/orange, legumes, starchy and other vegetables. On the area of whole grains, breads and cereals are required on each meal as long as the food item includes more than 8 grams of grains. The act has also limit the amount of flavored milks opting for only low fat milk during meals. Calories are also under a scope view limiting the calorie ranges according to age groups. Trans-fat is banned completely from school cafeteria menus and the act has also a plan to limit sodium gradually over the next decade, to reach the goal of keeping sodium at a no more than 600 mg per meal, equal to a diet frozen meal (HHFKA, 2012). The changes in the cafeteria school menu are impacting students and teachers equally, besides of more nutritional value, the new menus now offered more quantity amounts of healthier foods, satisfying the hunger of millions of students and reflecting healthier attitudes in the classrooms. LuAnn Coenen from Appleton Central High School in Wisconsin cheers the new regulations in the cafeteria menus and states† Since the introductions of the new food program, I have noticed and enormous difference in the behavior of my students in the classroom,†Ã¢â‚¬ I can say without hesitation that it’s changed my job as principal†. It seems that less sugary foods and drinks are impacting student’s behavior. An associate professor of education at the Lehigh university conducted a study of over 2000 lunchrooms across the nations, the conclusions indicated that healthier and less sugary meals carries a calmer atmosphere in the classroom this calmer demeanor is reflects when students go back to the classrooms creating a trickling effect. Taylor a student from Appleton High commented about the changes she felt since the cafeteria menus changed â€Å"I’d say being able to concentrate better†. Susan Graham principal from Melrose Elementary in Tampa Florida confirms that her discipline referrals have decreased 50 % â€Å"We get a lot more done, I think it’s a lot more efficient work environment for all of us,† Grahams said (abcnews,2012). Berger (2005) wrote about the importance of a well balanced meal for the proper development of children’s brain development, and how school meal programs played an important rolled in children’s brain development, by providing a well balanced meal while in school children can achieve proper brain development a subsequently their ability to learn will be maximized (Berger, 2005). The changes happening in schools cafeterias might seem insignificant, but replacing extra-cheese pizza, deep fried chicken for whole wheat pizza and baked fish nuggets, represent a huge step towards making students healthy. Some modifications to the school lunch menu have happened slowly and some hidden from students, like replacing full fat cheese with a low fat mozzarella cheese in the pizzas, as well as using whole wheat bread on grill cheese sandwiches. Dr. Saira Jan a Rutgers University Professor (2006) comments on children obesity and diabetes rising numbers â€Å"Kids choose from what they are offered. They are hungry, they will eat. You can offer carrots or French fries. We have a big health-care problem. We can’t just talk about it† (Weekly Reader, 2006). Conclusion In conclusion the overall national concern over childhood obesity and the rising rate of diseases in children related to overweight issues is currently being addressed by different entities in charge of school nutrition. The National School lunch program has and will make modification on the students’ lunch menu to feed students healthier foods in the effort to fight childhood obesity. Even though there has been mixed opinions about the effectiveness of the lunch menu modifications, the HHFKA guidelines demonstrate how References About USDA. (2012). United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?navid=ABOUT_USDA Berger, Kathleen. (2005).The Developing Person Throughout the Lifespan. 6th ed.Worth. 140-142 Child Nutritional Act.(2012). United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-26/pdf/2012-1010.pdf Food Fight! Should School Lunches be healthier? Current Events, a Weekly Reader publication,17 Feb.(2006) Retrieved from Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010. (2012).United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/governance/legislation/cnr_2010.htm Questions & Answers on the Final Rule, â€Å"Nutrition Standards in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs†(2012).United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Governance/Policy-Memos/2012/SP10-2012osr2.pdf Lazor, K., Chapman, N., & Levine, E. (2010).No.80. Vol.4. 200-206 Soy Goes to School: Acceptance of Healthful, Vegetarian Options in Maryland Middle School Lunches. Journal Of School Health. Leamy, Elizabeth.(2011). Exclusive: USDA to Announce Healthier New School Lunch Guidelines. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Health/ConsumerNews/usda-announce-school-lunch-guidelines/story?id=12603193 Mary Bruce. (2010). Coming Soon? Healthier School Lunches. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/healthier-school-lunches-senate-approves-45-billion-bill/story?id=11345256 Mcginn, D., & Popescu, R. (2007).No 150. Vol.17. Unlucky Charms At Lunch. Newsweek. Retrieved from http://mediacast.usw.edu:8045/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA169875850&v=2.1&u=nm _a_elin&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w National School Lunch Program.(2012).United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/ Nutrition Standards in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs, No 17, Vol.77. (2012). United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-01-26/pdf/2012-1010.pdf Students behave better with healthy lunches. (2012). Abc. go. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/AmericanFamily/story?id=125404&page=1

Modern approach to teen substance abuse help and management methodologies Essay

Teen drug and alcohol abuse management is aimed at arresting adverse indulgence that lead to clinical cases. Serological evidence on sub-clinical cases of depression and alcoholism show preventive counseling is effective in managing depression and alcoholism. About 51% of teens within a random cluster of 20 males and 10 females are actively involved in alcoholism. Clinical cases are on the rise within Hispanic and Black teens. Arresting the cases within their early stages is feasible with the institution level M. Rosenbaum (2003). Teachers should identify effective means for recreational and rehabilitative timetables. Alcoholism often takes place between 3pm and 7pm are on the rise among teen students (www. samhsa. gov). Students indulge outside the school compound or homestead, or in the most neglected and limitedly visited areas. The commonly abused alcohol is beer and spirits (www. samhsa. gov). Factors leading to alcoholism need to be identified so as to limit any sub-clinical measures. This will facilitate to find a consistent approach to arrest alcoholism in its early stages. Factors such as stress, abuse, stereotyping lead to depression. Aping friends, parents or some public figures. Also, interest in alcohol, searching identity in age mates and friends and proving maturity and sexuality lead to indulgence M. Rosenbaum (2003). Socio-economic backgrounds contribute to alcoholism. Teens from poor families are less aggressive in alcoholism while those from rich families are indulgent. A sample of six middle income families and six high level income families responded to a questionnaire about if their teenage children were involved in alcoholism. Only two of the middle level parents admitted to alcoholism in their teens while out of the six respondents from the higher income family five admitted their teens were into mild and profound alcoholism (www. nida. nih. gov). Teen alcoholics admit they drink due to peer pressure, to be identified and to fit in their peer groups and avoid isolation. Others admit they are aping the movie stars, their idols and role models, having fun, self redemption, thwarting stress and problems and seeking a unique position in the society. Social integration in this age level and addressing this plight in a concerted effort is necessary in school level and beyond. On a cross cultural-community approach, more black and Hispanic teens are engaging in alcoholism. Increased exposure to wages in the low level income families has upped the level of substance abuse and alcoholism in teenagers. Teenage girl alcoholics are on the rise within the low level income families. A certain portion of this group is involved in irresponsible sexual behavior and prostitution while some are working as young prostitutes. This constant rise in alcoholism and depression is seen in the context of declining literacy in the teens. Hispanic teens collectively have made less progress in graduating from high school compared to their Black counterparts. Up to 28% Hispanic teens are dropping out in comparison to 15% Blacks. Teen alcoholics have problems in the society. The creation of a positive social interaction environment in a friendly and unrestrictive atmosphere offers the proper environment for therapy and manageable counseling. It’s aimed at improving collective social behavior so as to inspire and correct the students. The school counselor should counsel based on teaching pedagogical approaches. This instills discipline and encourages the students to share their problems. Within the recreational context the teacher should initiate recreational activities like playing chess, bridge, and other in-house games (Ken & David 2007). Through a cognitive-control system the teacher manifests self analysis, self recognition, and self help so as to regulate behavior. The student reads materials wherein the teen reads her problem and follows a set of procedures like, playing with her pet, watching an inspiring video, etc. The procedure is used in the environment created by the school teacher (above). The objective is to create competing system within the brain and make adolescents lessen brain capacity to want physical engagement with substances. The counselor has a role to comparatively review the potential of the students and assess their capacity. Authoritatively, he should embark to make impact on their socio-academic well being. The perspectives borne within this context are purported to limit clinical interventions incase of adverse depression and alcoholism. Involvement of capacity building and establishment of more positive youth groups so as to build on youths’ strengths, (through advising on developing positive mental attitude towards their abilities in education and entrepreneurship). The school counselor should as often as possible make groups which consist of most disciplined students to act as the role models. These role model groups actively integrate incorporate the students who have depression or alcoholism problems M. Rosenbaum (2003). This makes these students sociable and gradually makes them feel acceptable in these groups and most important, desists from substance abuse. The teacher should invite the community to lead in playing a role of advisors while he is the active leader. These community members and the school counselors have the obligation to present appropriate role-models and opportunities for remediation for young people growing up in the school community. The message to young adults and their peers must be that they understand the dangers of substance abuse and make appropriate choices when confronted with opportunities of drug use. A school counselor should address the teen alcohol problem through an educative perspective; He gives complete clinical views on use and abuse of substances. He should comprehensively emphasize the importance of the context through giving cases study projections on serological outcomes and clinical intervention risks and impacts on human health. This perspective scope is on teenage cases who are supposed to actively attend and play roles in the education and during the classes. The concept is to keep these teens safe from alcohol and to stop substance abuse. The school counselor should give social and drug life education to enable teenagers to make responsible decisions by providing honest information. The novelty of the advice and counseling will discourage the teens from excessive or partial indulgence. The counselor is also supposed to advise the students to understand their place in the society and their future as citizens in the educative approach (Flannery, 2007). Students tend to have various social networks where they interact. The school counselor should integrate these networks as extracurricular activities by allocating time to be with the students. According to research, drug abuse takes place mostly after school and evening hours as stated above (Bachman, Johnston & O’Malley 1990). As a school counselor it is important to be involved in participating, and listening to what students express and how they relate with their peers. In a group setting, I would encourage the students to speak freely, express their views, thoughts, ideas, and perspectives. I will intervene only while asking them why they feel or think a certain way, then offer my support. Students can have a friend or family member participate in order to improve the advice being offered. The setting should be a homely, conducive, and well equipped with communication and research tools to help these students research their problem with guidance from the school counselor. This is a very effective method and creates a backbone for the gradual and even instant ceasing of alcohol habits. According to (Rosenbaum, 2003), the after school programs form the basis of a communal approach to the problem. The students are able to understand their problem through guidance. If a student’s drug use becomes a problem, the after-school drop-in program enables her to make informal contact with a professional, even if she is not ready for formal treatment. If problems escalate, a referral to the appropriate agency can be made (Rosenbaum 2003). Conclusion Safety and correction to reduce harm and to reconstitute behavior and perception in the teens is important. The school counselor can actively and consistently provide extra attention and consideration to the teens with the problem and follow up their recovery. Counselors should encourage discussion of trauma experience among the peers and the counseling group. Over weekends, they should refer these teens with the problems to active involvement in community recovery work, church and sporting activities. Counselors should urge participation in sports and athletics and encourage resumption of regular social-recreational activities like in-house games and sport. This way the traumatized and the recovering teens will become social figures who’ll be symbolic role models and successful and responsible people in the future. Sources (Ken & David 2007), Social-economic decline due to substance abuse by teens: An intelligence approach to teen physiology through counter brain measures. Goldman Intelligence, Nairobi p1-5 Barbra Flannery, (2007) International Research Institute, Baltimore Hser, Y-I. ; Grille, C. E. ; Hubbard, R. L. ; et al (2002). An evaluation of drug treatment for adolescents in four U. S. cities: Archives of General Psychiatry; Volume 17, pp 1 M. Rosenbaum, â€Å"‘Just Say No’ Wins Few Points with Ravers,† Los Angeles Times, 31 Jan. 2001: A13. M. Rosenbaum (2003) Safety first: A reality based approach to teen’s drugs and drug education. Drug Policy Alliance www. safety1st. org (J. G. Bachman, L. D. Johnston and P. M. O’Malley 1990), â€Å"Explaining the Recent Decline in Cocaine use Among Young Adults: Further Evidence That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug use: Journal of Health and Human Social Behavior 31. 2 (1990): 173-184 Texas drug and rehabilitation center http://www. drugfree. org www. samhas. gov www. nida. nih. gov